Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 3: 20. Courtesy of Kentucky Native Plant Society. Scanned by Omnitek Inc.
Sunset®: All zones
USDA: 2-9
Heat Tolerance: Light shade better when juvenile
Sun Exposure: Full sun
Origin: Eastern USA, northern Mexico
Growth Habits: Deciduous tree, grows rapidly up to 70 feet tall (20 m), by 50 feet spread (15 m) or more
Watering Needs: Moderate water
Propagation: Generally seeds, sometimes cuttings
Propagation: Seed or occasionally cutting, grafting/budding
- by cuttings, in autumn.
- by chip grafts, in late summer.
- by seeds, in spring. Germinates at 70-85 degrees F. The seeds can be harvested in autumn. The seeds need stratify 40F 2-3mo.. The usual germination temperature is 70-85 degrees F.
Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA SCS. 1989. Midwest wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln
Host for the Snout butterfly (Libytheana carinenta) caterpillars.
Blooming Habits:
Greenish-yellow flowers in April and May
Fruiting Habits:
The fruit is a fleshy, globose drupe, 0.2 to 0,4 inch in diameter (5-10 mm), it is green most of the summer, turning red when ripe in September and October. The flesh is thin and quite dry but edible and sweet, with a large pit.
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