Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 2: 681.
Sunset®: 4-6,15-17
USDA: 4-8
Frost Tolerance: -25°F ( -31°C)
Sun Exposure: Filtered shade
Origin: Eastern USA
Growth Habits: Evergreen shrub, 6 to 10 feet tall and wide (1.8-3 m) or more, dense foliage; dark green, entire, elliptical leaf, 3 to 6 inches long (7.5-15 cm), 1 to 2 inches wide (2.5-5 cm), with light green to whitish underside
Watering Needs: Continuously moist acidic organic soil, humid air
Propagation: Seeds, stem cuttings in the fall and winter, tissue culture
Blooming Habits:
Deep purplish pink, or white ('Alba') flowers, with green or orange-speckled throat, 2.5 inches across (6.2 cm) in large clusters, 5 to 6 inches in diameter (12.5-15 cm), in late spring
Fruiting Habits:
5-parted capsule maturing in the fall.
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